Sinus Inflammation Patients Need Good Bacteria

Not all bacteria cause health problems. Patients with sinus inflammation, for example, it desperately needs bacterial to relieve illness.

The role of bacteria is revealed in a new study. Scientists suspect a chronic sinus problem is most likely caused by a decrease in "good" bacteria and the emergence of "evil" bacteria in the sinuses (cavities between the nose and the eyes.)

They suggested that "good" bacteria re-added to treat the sinus disease. The method of treatment is similar to the addition of probiotics to restore the balance of intestinal tract bacteria.

In a study published in the journal Science Translational Medicine issue of 12 September 2012, researchers analyzed the bacteria in the sinus cavity pqpulasi of 10 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and compare them with 10 healthy people. Researchers identify bacterial species by examining genes.

People with chronic sinus disease have fewer types of bacteria in the sinus than healthy people. The number of lactic acid producing bacteria also decreased significantly. Instead, they found an increase in sinus C. tuberculostearicum bacterial species.

"Good" bacteria in the nose may help fight sinus problems in a similar way to how probiotics may treat certain intestinal problems. (Picture from: http://vitals.nbcnews.com/)

To test these findings, the researchers gave the mice antibiotics. "Good" bacteria in the sinus immediately die. Researchers injected C. tuberculostearicum bacteria. Rats were initially healthy suddenly showed symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis.

As mice were given lactic acid bacteria (L. sakei) along with the provision of C. tuberculostearicum bacteria, symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis not appear.

These findings also suggest that probiotic bacteria (L. sakei) can be used as a drug and prevent chronic sinus disorders. "This may be the reason why there are patients who never recovered," said Susan Lynch, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco who involved in the study. *** [LIVESCIENCE | KORAN TEMPO 3995]

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Synthetic Protein Can Help Fight Flu

Researchers at San Diego State University found a way to help the immune system cope with flu disorder before it becomes severe virus and make people sick.

A new study found a synthetic protein may help fight the flu before it starts. (Picture from: http://abcnews.go.com/)

The report is published in the scientific journal PLoS ONE, July 6, 2012 last. According to the researchers, a synthetic protein, EP67 is able to activate the immune system in two hours.

Joy Phillips, a researcher who became head of the authors in this study explains, EP67 protein has been used as a reference for the flu vaccine. However, based on studies they do, see the potential to develop EP67 to work independently.

"EP67 working instead to kill the virus, but the function of the immune system itself. Study we showed that by 'introducing' EP67 into the body 24 hours from the time of exposure to the flu virus causes the immune system to react quickly.

"As a result, the body returns to normal," Phillips said as quoted by Science Daily, she adds flu virus is a virus that is not detected until a few days until the body has been exposed to the symptoms. Therefore, it is very EP67 potential as a therapy when a person exposed to the flu virus that can not be avoided, but to try to prevent the disease weakens the body.

Although the present study was focused on the flu, according to Phillips again EP67 also likely to be a therapeutic treatment for various respiratory infections and other infectious diseases. This study also has implications for the veterinary world, cause EP67 is a protein that is active in a number of animals including birds. *** [SEPTI | PIKIRAN RAKYAT 13092012]

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Calcium, for Bones and Teeth

Maybe the title above is not odd to you because a lot of television advertisements that included the tagline on products such as toothpaste, milk, cheese, and some other products. Directly, calcium has become a weapon in product promotion strategy. If you look at the market, quite a lot of food products such as milk or non-food products such as toothpastes that claim high calcium. Milk, cheese, crackers, to toothpaste products also seemed to not want to miss include hi-calcium label on the packaging. So, what is the cause of the importance of calcium for humans so many companies vying to promote its product as having a hi-calcium?

According to Prof Dr Ir Deddy Muchtadi, MS in his book Pengantar Ilmu Gizi (Introduction of Nutrition), the majority (99%) of calcium in the body found in hard tissue such as bone and teeth, and the rest spread in the body. Most people might think that calcium is only needed by a small child who was in its infancy.

However, it is not only children who need calcium. Apparently, adults also need calcium, but not for the growth of course, but to maintain the integrity of bones and teeth. Based on research done by the National Academy of Science, the need calcium for infants aged 1-3 years is 500 mg per day, children aged 4-8 years is 800 mg per day, adolescents aged 9-18 years at 1,300 mg per day , adults aged 19-50 years by 1,000 mg per day, and for the elderly aged over 51 years of 1,200 mg per day. Good food sources to ensure adequate intake of calcium can be obtained from animal food, especially milk and other dairy products like cheese, butter, yogurt, and others. Through regular consumption, obtained some of the main benefits of calcium for the health of the body, including:

1. Bone formation - During its infancy, the hard part of the bone (bone shaft) extending through the formation of bone matrix. Own bone matrix composed of collagen and carbohydrates, which is the third part of the bone. In the bone matrix is ​​attached to calcium in the form of Ca-phosphate At the end of the shaft and the bone Trabeculae that there is a porous crystalline structure. This section relates directly to the veins in bones are useful to supply calcium and from blood. At the end of adolescence, the formation (elongation) stops bone. At adulthood, the bone renewal and re-establishment adjusted to hold the weight. In adults, approximately 20% of the bone, underwent a change every year, and about 600-700 mg of calcium deposited in the newly formed bone. If low calcium intake and lack of exercise, adults are susceptible to osteoporosis which shows a reduction of calcium from the bones and can cause adults susceptible to fractures.
2. Dental Establishment - Dental consists of two layers, the enamel is very hard coating with its main mineral form of calcium-phosphate and dentin layer is not as hard as enamel. Dentin layer to obtain calcium from the blood supply, while the enamel coating of saliva (saliva). The process of formation of the teeth nearly equal to bone formation, but the change of calcium in the teeth more slowly than in the bone.
3. Blood Clotting - Calcium is one factor that is needed in the process of formation of plasma thromboplastin thromboplastin active from the next function in the process of blood clotting. 

It should be noted in previous research has suggested that people who do not get adequate amounts of calcium may be at increased risk of high blood pressure, and that people who take more calcium may have a reduced risk of weight gain, stroke, and colon cancer. However, the evidence for this is not conclusive.

Recently, researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston reviewed 17 previous studies on the effects of calcium and vitamin D. They found that while some studies suggested vitamin D may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, this was not true of calcium. A recent Swedish study of more than 23,000 men over a nine-year period showed that taking extra calcium did seem to lower the risk of certain chronic diseases.

While there is some evidence suggesting that calcium may be associated with health benefits and reduced risk of some chronic diseases, researchers say more studies are needed to determine exactly what role calcium might play. *** [WIDYA INDRIANI | EVERY DAY HEALTH | PIKIRAN RAKYAT 30082012]

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Long-Term Negative Effects of Cannabis on the Brain

Terrie Moffitt and Avshalom Caspi really painstaking psychologist. Two researchers from the Institute of Psychiatry at King's College London is collecting data from 1,037 children born in 1972-1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand.

The data becomes part of the famous Dunedin Longitudinal Study. The survey is a multi-factor continues, involving 1.037 people New Zealand as a sample.

Foreign research team used data to project Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. The findings of this study further strengthen the evidence of the negative effects of drug use. Apparently, teenagers who use cannabis regularly, suffer long-term damage to their brains.

"The age when the use of marijuana and brain development becomes a key factor," said Madeline Meier, a post-doctoral researcher at Duke University in Durham, which became coordinator of the research team. Monday (September 3, 2012), the results of this research were published in the online edition of PNAS.

The conclusion was obtained after using the Dunedin Longitudinal Study data load test intelligence quotient (IQ) as a child and teenager of the respondents. Furthermore, neuropsychological indices tested and examined their behavior, such as drug use.

At the age of 38 years, respondents follow psychological tests to assess memory, speed of processing, reasoning, and visual processing. They found that respondents who are addicted to marijuana when a teenager, test results, worse than those who did not use marijuana.

In addition to testing, the researchers interviewed friends and relatives of the respondent. They found that respondents who are addicted to marijuana as a teenager, was less attention and focus and often forgotten when doing his job.

An international research team has found that persistent, dependent use of marijuana before age 18 has been shown to cause lasting harm to a person's intelligence, attention and memory. (Picture from: http://www.sciencedaily.com/)

From 1,037 respondents, about 5 percent are addicted to marijuana as a teenager. They used marijuana more than once a week before the age of 18. In this group visible change IQ scores at ages 13 and 38 years. Decreased average score of 8 points. According to Meier preparation of the human brain takes place before age 18 years. This condition, he said, are susceptible to damage caused by drug use. Marijuana continuously affect their cognitive function and memory.

Research is increasingly important because previous research did not measure brain function before someone uses marijuana. "This is the most comprehensive study I've ever read, which shows the long-term dangers of cannabis," said Nora Volkow, director of the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse. The institute is co-funded the research along with the British government and a foundation in Zurich.

Robin Murray, a psychiatrist at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, who has researched the relationship between cannabis and psychosis, was impressed with the study. According to him, a number of earlier studies using less number of samples. "Dunedin cohort with a large population being the most studied in the world. This is an excellent example," he said.

How marijuana affects brain. (Picture from: http://truththeory.com/)

Valerie Curran, professor of psychopharmacology at the University College London and a member of the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs England, invites us to look at other factors, such as depression and lack of motivation.

The latest survey did show teens began to believe that the use of cannabis constantly dangerous to health. The research team hopes. government control teens from using marijuana and other drugs. "The simple message is stay away from the use of substances that are not healthy for children, including tobacco and alcohol," said Avshalom Caspi. *** [UWD | NATURE | CBCNEWS | PNAS | KORAN TEMPO 3986]

Marijuana Contains Narcotics

Marijuana is a plant cultivated fiber producer. In Latin, this plant called Cannabis sativa syn. Cannabis indica is more known for narcotic substances THC (tetra-hydro-cannabinol) in the seeds.

These substances can make the user experience a sense of euphoria or pleasure prolonged without cause. Marijuana plants are usually made into a marijuana cigarette.

A chillum, or chilam, is a straight conical pipe
with end-to-end channel, traditionally made
of clay and used since at least the 18th century
by wandering Hindu monks, known as sadhus
in India. More recently, it has also seen use
in sacraments by Rastafarians in Jamaica, and
by recreational drug users to smoke cannabis,
tobacco, or opiates. (Picture from:  http://flickr.com/)

This crops can reach 2 meters height . Finger-shaped leaves with male and female flowers on different plants (married two). The flowers are small gathering at the end of the branch. Marijuana grows only in tropical mountains with an altitude above 1,000 meters above sea level.

In the United States, marijuana once a symbol of the hippie culture. It is usually denoted by the distinctive shape of marijuana leaves. In addition, marijuana and opium touted as a symbol of resistance against the current capitalist globalism imposed on developing countries.

In India, most of Sadu who worship the god Shiva marijuana use derivative products to perform the ritual worship. They do so by sucking hashish via Chilam pipe / chillum and by drinking bhang.

A number of parties are concerned about the negative effects of marijuana. But research from the project Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study found that this plant brings sorrow to teenagers. *** [WIKIPEDIA | KORAN TEMPO 3986]

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Without the Smoke, Still Dangerous?

Unlike regular cigarettes, nicotine in electronic cigarettes into the body through the vapor, not smoke. The process did not involve the burning of tobacco, although nicotine contained in cigarettes obtained from Nicotiana plants.

Although marketed as a safer alternative than regular cigarettes, the electronic cigarette was still potentially cause damage to the lungs. Recent research presented at the annual congress of the European Respiratory Society's Annual Congress in Vienna, Austria, on September 2, 2012.

The findings add new evidence to the debate about the safety and efficiency of electronic cigarettes. "Until now we did not know whether nicotine delivery products that have not been approved, such as electronic cigarettes, safer than regular cigarettes, electronic cigarettes even though the company claims it is more secure," said Christina Gratziou, members of the research team who is also Chairman of the Tobacco Control Committee at the European Respiratory Society. "This research helps us understand how the potential dangers of electronic cigarettes."

With the aim of investigating the short-term effects of electronic cigarette use, Gratziou and her team from the University of Athens in Greece doing research on three different groups. They examined the effect of the device on healthy individuals without specific health problems and smokers, those that have impaired lung or not.

The study involved eight people who had never smoked and 24 smokers. Among the members of the group of smokers, 11 had normal lung function, while the other 13 suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.

Everyone is required to use the electronic cigarette for 10 minutes. Through a number of tests, including spirometry test to measure lung function capacity, researchers measured airway resistance or obstruction of air flow into the lungs. The larger the diameter of the airways, the lower the resistance. And vice versa.

An Electric Cigarette in general. (PIcture from: http://best.eliquidnicotine.net/)

The results showed electronic cigarettes cause an increase in airway resistance directly. The effect was only ended after 10 minutes. In healthy subjects who had never smoked, there was an increase in airway resistance very significantly, from an average of 182% to 206%.

In smokers with normal spirometry figures, also seen a substantial increase from the average 176% to 220%. Instead, use the electronic cigarette in patients with COPD and asthma do not demonstrate a direct effect on airway resistance.

"The increase in airway resistance directly in the study group indicates the electronic cigarette could cause immediately after you use them," said Gratziou. "More research is needed to understand whether these disorders have long-term effects."

Research the health effects of electronic cigarettes should be examined again indeed. Moreover, only a few weeks before there are other researchers who claimed that the e-cigarette is not harmful to the heart. The results of both studies were contradictory even though the research was also carried out by scientists from Greece.

In a Reuters report, citing a statement from the European Society of Cardiology, said that the electronic cigarette is not a threat to the functioning of the heart. The findings of the first clinical trial of the effect of electronic cigarettes on the heart was presented at the annual meeting of the European Society of Cardiology in Munich, Germany, on August 25, 2012.

"The electronic cigarette is not a healthy habit., But that tool is a safer alternative than tobacco cigarettes," said Dr Konstantinos Farsalinos from Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center in Athens. "When compared to the dangers of secondhand smoke, our data indicate that electronic cigarettes are much safer and replace the tobacco with the electronic cigarette may be beneficial to health."

This small study done by Farsalinos and his team in Greece. They compared the cardiac function 20 young smokers before and after smoking a cigarette tobacco with cardiac function 22 electronic cigarette users before and after using the e-cigarette for seven minutes.

The research team found significant cardiac dysfunction in tobacco smoker, including the increase in heart rate and blood pressure. In the electronic cigarette users, only showing a small rise in blood pressure.

Unfortunately, the scale of this study was so small. University of Athens study involved only 32 participants, while Onassis study of 42 people. Similar to Gratziou, Farsalinos states need larger studies to examine the long-term effects that may arise tool.

Bill Godshall, executive director of Pittsburgh's Smokefree Pennsylvania, said study author Dr. Farsalinos is important because heart disease is the leading cause of death in smokers. "But US food and drug regulatory agency claimed that all tobacco products such as cigarettes is dangerous," he said. *** [SCIENCEDAILY | TOBACCO E-NEWS | TJANDRA DEWI | KORAN TEMPO 3987]

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Our Diet Affects on Our Ancestry DNA

In a recent genetic study of two separate scientists indicate, adult human diet can trigger an epigenetics, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) environment changes.

Their study also may explain why there is risk of a number of hereditary diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Torsten Plösch from the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, one of the scientists who worked on the study said, eating into the factors that cause changes in all cells, including sperm and ova.

"Its genetic, changes can be passed on to offspring," said Plösch. Quoted and LiveScience, it also departs from a simple idea for example look at the case of children born in the last days of World War II when the Dutch famine. They generally have a degree later in life suffer from various diseases such as susceptibility glucose disorders and cardiovascular disease.

More and more evidence suggests 
that what you eat may have a genetic
impact on your kids and grandkids.  
(Picture from:  http://www.livescience.com/)

In 2010, Jiménez-Chillarón and his colleagues took this a step further and found that overfed male mouse pups developed the telltale signs of metabolic syndrome — insulin resistance, obesity and glucose intolerance — and passed some of these traits to their offspring, which then developed elements of metabolic syndrome without overeating.

But what still is missing, Jiménez-Chillarón told LiveScience, is an understanding of how such information is remembered from generation to generation. Unlike a gene mutation, all of the epigenetic inputs to the DNA environment should be forgotten when a newly formed embryo begins to divide.

"The dogma is that during the process of meiosis [cell division], all epigenetic marks are erased," said Jiménez-Chillarón. "But our work, as well as [the work] from many others, suggests that this is not completely true. Although the majority of epigenetic marks is erased, some marks are spared for unknown reasons."

While the second study, led by Ram B Singh of TsimTsoum Institute in Krakow, Poland, studied on nutrients that influence chromatin. Chromatin is fine yarns composed of amino DNA, histone proteins and non-histone proteins found in the cell nucleus, where the DNA and is a complex operation.

Singh believes only a matter of time until new evidence corroborates eating habits affect the next generation of offspring. The study published in the Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmocology July 2012 edition.

Both teams said the development of cells in the early phase tends to occur epigenetics, and is strongly influenced by diet, "diet everyday parents, grandfather, and great grandfather affect our genetics. Similarly, our diet would affect genetic conditions of our children and grandchildren later, "said Plösch. *** [SEPTI | LIVESCIENCE | PIKIRAN RAKYAT 30082012]

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The World First Bionic Eye Implant

Australia has a bit of a history when it comes to pioneering cyborg technology. The country was home to the first functioning bionic ear implant in 1978 and now, in 2012, comes a new version of a bionic eye, with Bionic Vision Australia (BVA) researchers announcing the success of their first retinal implant trial.

Dianne Ashworth, a profoundly blind woman, had the prototype implant switched on last month. “All of a sudden I could see a flash. It was amazing,” she said.

Dianne Ashworth testing her new retinal implant: “All of a sudden I could see a flash of light. It was amazing." (Picture from: http://www.gizmag.com/)

After years of darkness caused by retinitis pigmentosa, shapes and lights began appearing as electrical impulses from the chip shot along Ms Ashworth's long-disused optic nerves to the vision centers of her brain. What's marvelous is that - unaware of the immense hack taking place - the brain obediently processes the signals, regardless of the fact there's been no sight in the traditional sense. In a world first, surgeons implanted the prototype implant behind Ashworth’s retina, and installed a small wire from her eye to a connector behind her ear.

Researchers can now test the implant with a view to developing a vision processor and external camera.

“These results have fulfilled our best expectations, giving us confidence that with further development we can achieve useful vision," said Professor Emeritus David Penington AC, Chairman of Bionic Vision Australia. "Much still needs to be done in using the current implant to ‘build’ images for Ms Ashworth. The next big step will be when we commence implants of the full devices.”

How BVA's retinal implant works. (Picture from: http://www.gizmag.com/)

The BVA eye employs a similar approach to the American developed Argus II, which uses a video camera worn on a headband to provide some vision. The Argus II boasts 60 electrodes while the Australian prototype has 24, but BVA plans to test a vastly improved 1024 electrode implant capable of offering facial recognition and reading large print by 2014.

While the BVA eye is by no means the first - the Argus II is already available in Europe – the Bionic Vision Australia eye is rapidly catching up. And with at least 12 bionic eye projects progressing around the world, the future will certainly be brighter for the profoundly blind. Given that sight accounts for around half of our brain’s sensory input, machine vision will be one hell of a buzz for those who have never been able to see the world. *** [BIONIC VISION AUSTRALIA | GIZMAG]

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Oxygen Foam, A Life-Saving Innovation

Sudden death can be caused by heart failure. Cardiologist at Children's Hospital Boston is able to prevent deaths due to interruption of the blood-pumping organ work by injecting oxygen-rich liquid.

An intravenous infusion of oxygen-filled
microparticles (the yellow sphere in 
this composite image) could carry the
life-sustaining gas to red blood cells 
in patients with sudden loss of lung 
function. (Picture from: 
http://www.technologyreview.com/)

The heart is the organ in charge of pumping oxygen-carrying blood to be spread throughout the body. This vital role stops when the body had a heart attack. As a result, the body no longer had the energy supply. Lives have been lost.

Intravenous oxygen fluid findings cardiologist John Kheir, serving as a savior. This fluid consists of mini bubbles wrapped in molecular oxygen.

When injected into the blood stream, dissolved oxygen and carried throughout the body. "Once injected, oxygen immediately switch to red blood cells," said Kheir.

He has tested his findings to the rabbit. Researchers inject this liquid to the rabbit and clog the windpipe. Evidently, the rabbit can survive for 15 minutes without breath.

Even more surprising, for 15 minutes a tense are no changes in blood pressure and heart rate of rabbits. Examination showed no organ damage of the heart, lungs, and liver.

The success of this bubble to give hope to rescue the victim of heart failure. Kheir's calculations show that this fluid can make humans survive without breathing for 30 minutes-serves as a spare lung.

A schematic of the microparticle used to package oxygen gas, covered by a single layer of fatty molecules and stabilizing agents and delivered in a liquid solution. (Picture from: http://www.businessinsider.com/)

The extra time post-heart attack can be used by doctors to restore the heart. The potential for greater oxygen intravenous preparation is easy and inexpensive. *** [NATURE | ANTON WILLIAM | KORAN TEMPO 3979]

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The Flatworm and Eye Diseases

The flatworm, animals that have a high regeneration power, turned out to have great benefit in helping to cure eye diseases in humans. Certainly not the worms that are made ​​into the eye medication, but our genes help scientists learn the sense of sight.

Scientists have examined the ability of special planaria (one type of flatworms), which can regrow body parts are broken. The study focuses on the isolation of genes involved in the formation and development of the eye.

"We believe this genome plays an important role as a model for studying the development and eye disease in humans," said Peter Reddien, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the journal Cell Report.

This microscope image show an adult planarian that had the expression of its ovo gene blocked (bottom). Over the course of approximately two months, the planarian lost its eyes, demonstrating the important of ovo for eye maintenance in the adult planarian. A planarian with normal ovo function retained its eyes (top). (Picture from: http://neurosciencenews.com/)

The entire genome sequence is now successfully translated planaria eye. This genome sequence, providing the most complete list of the genome are involved in the biology of the eye and eye modeling system. "This data is used to study gene function in rapid eye," he said.

Reddien analyzed more than 2.000 planaria eye. They found 600 genes are active and 200 of whom studied in greater detail. Several genes have the same role as the vertebrate eye.

One of the key transcription factor genes ovo, a gene that activates the expression of other genes during the formation of the eye. Ovo genes not previously associated with the formation of the eye, to the latest research to the contrary that this gene is vital for the regeneration of planaria worms eye. "We now know how genes regulate ovo formation of the eye," he said. *** [DIALY MAIL | MAHARDIKA SATRIA HADI | KORAN TEMPO 3966]

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Breast Milk for the Adult Treatment

Breast milk. (Picture from: 
http://charlotte.cbslocal.com/)

No doubt that breast milk is a superfood that helps babies fight infections, improve immune system function, improve intelligence, prevent obesity, and others. However, if the milk has efficacy for treating the disease in adults?

Actually, breast milk has a long history in medicine. The ancient Egyptians to mix the milk with honey used as medicine. breast milk has also been used as a remedy for ailments such as konjuntivitis, insect bite, skin diseases, and burns. At present, scientists continue to explore various possible medical effects from the treatment of breast cancer to eliminate acne.

In 1995, researchers from Lund University, Sweden, succeeded in using the compounds contained in human breast milk called alpha lactalbumin to kill brain tumor cells in a test tube. In 2004, the same researchers using the compounds in breast milk to destroy warts caused by HPV (human papilloma virus) which opens the possibility of using breast milk for treating cancers caused by HPV. Then, a team of researchers from Gothenburg University, Sweden, managed to make a compound called HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) which is a mixture of compounds contained alpha-lactalbumin in the milk with oleic acid commonly found in baby's stomach. Research shows HAMLET causes apoptosis (cell suicide) in cancer cells.

Breast milk has the potential to become a new source for stem cells. Stem cells into a great hope in the medical world for its ability to develop into different cell types in the body and serves as a system of internal improvements. Potential of stem cells for use in the treatment of leukemia, spinal injuries, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease.

In Italy, the scientists examined whether a molecule in breast milk called Glyerophosphocholine (GPC) can improve mental function in people with dementia, stroke, and traumatic brain injury patients. In some experiments, GPC is able to improve memory, attention, and orientation in some people who suffer from various types of dementia, including Alzheimer's.

Immunological properties of breast milk to make milk to the attention of scientists to be an alternative to improve the immune system of the adult patients who have immune system problems.

Nestle researchers surmised that a protein in milk called CD14 can help the patient of an immune response that causes the problem of Crohn's disease.

Lactoferrin in milk are also potentially for treatment of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Meanwhile, in an enzyme called lysozyme milk has the potential for treatment of diarrhea.

Protective and antimicrobial properties of breast milk also has the potential to be used in the treatment gastroentritis, flu and colds, pneumonia to acne.

Although some people believe that breast milk is efficacious in the treatment of adults, most of the others were skeptical given the research on the medical effects of breast milk to adults is still very small.

Breast milk is also considered a risk of spreading diseases such as HIV / AIDS and other infectious diseases. breast milk also be a source of problems. In some countries there that provide breast milk bank, but only certain circles that can be served and the supply is limited. Also in culture or belief, adults who drink breast milk is considered an unusual thing. *** [AKHMAD TAUFIK | PIKIRAN RAKYAT 02082012]

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Don't Waste the Peanut Shells Anymore

Who doesn't know peanuts? The food is very popular one is consumed as a snack, either as recreation, watching soccer and others. Peanut (Arachis hypgaea L) is a kind of leguminous plants of the family Fabaceae originating from the United States. Peanut is a kind of tropical plant that grows in shrubs, seeds grown in the soil and has small leaves.

Peanuts can be presented in various ways, can be eaten without being processed first, boiled, fried or destroyed to be processed into cooking, depending on the tastes of each person.

In addition to delicious and relatively cheap, it has a lot of the content of peanuts that are beneficial to our bodies. Peanut seeds contain fat (40%-50%) protein (27%), carbohydrates, lecithin, choline, vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, and K), minerals (calcium) chloride, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur) and amino acids. Nutrient content in peanuts is what can help the body's defenses and prevent various diseases.

However, who would have thought peanut shells was also efficacious. During this  peanut shells are often completely ignored by us. Utilization of peanut shells is still very minimal. Peanut shells is currently only limited use for animal feed only. Whereas in the shells of peanut are the chemical content of a nutritious for health.

Peanut (Arachis hypgaea L). (Picture from: http://www.esquire.com/)

Chemical content of the peanut skin, for example, luteolin, eriodictyol, and 5.7 - dihydroxychromone. Luteolin are many in the mature peanuts shells, whereas eriodictyol more immature peanut shells.

Luteolin is flavonoid which is a plant that has potential as an anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo. Luteolin (flavone) has anti-inflammatory activity by modulating the expression of proinflammatory genes such as siklooksogen-2 (COX2) and cytokines induce nitric oxidesynthase. Luteolin orally, can be used in allergic conditions, chronic inflammation (respiratory, gastrointestinal, bone) atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders. Luteolin on external use can be used for skin allergies and skin cancer prevention.

Peanut shells also contain material that is anti-cholesterol that can lower blood pressure for patients with heart disease. How to use it too easy just to boil the skin peanuts that have been washed first, then drink the water.

This is done regularly every day for about two to three weeks. Then the frequency gradually reduced to once or twice a week. Although the prevention of heart disease, it is not easy, it never hurts to reduce the risk of heart disease by trying to do it.

In addition, the peanut shells also serves as an ingredient in liquid smoke and fogging applications for fish. Liquid smoke is expected to provide an antioxidant effect on consumers.

Antioxidants are substances that low levels of a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation rate terget, often referred to as the miracle compound because it can prevent premature aging and various diseases that accompany it. Therefore, from now on do not ever forget peanut shells. We also would plant peanut tree in the yard. *** [NADHIRA HANDAYANI | PIKIRAN RAKYAT 02082012]

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