Chitosan Keep Bananas Fresh

Preserve food safely, especially bananas can now be done by spraying chitosan aerogel derived from the shells of shellfish and crustaceans. With this spray, bananas can stay fresh for up to 12 days.

The chinese researchers, from Tianjin University of Science and Technology, presented their findings at a meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia.

Lead researcher Dr Xihong Li said, "We found that by spraying green bananas with a chitosan aerogel, we can keep bananas fresh for up to 12 days."

"We have developed a way to keep bananas green for a longer time and inhibit the rapid ripening that occurs. Such a coating could be used at home by consumers, in supermarkets or during shipment of bananas," he added.

Chitosan keeping fruits and vegetables stay fresh by killing the bacteria that make the decay occurs, this is the first study to prove that the substance could be used to slow down the process of ripening bananas. Bananas are usually removed while still green.

The process of maturation depends on a warm and humid conditions, similar to the natural maturation process. Bananas are beginning to mature on contact with ethene gas, chemicals product of banana. That's why bananas mature faster when stored in a sealed bag so that the gas accumulates.

Unfortunately for consumers, the team is still investigating how to make a commercially viable product, which means finding a replacement for an ingredient that happens to be unsuitable for general use. So for the moment, mushy bananas will continue to be a familiar sight in the world's kitchens. *** [MEDICAL DAILY | TELEGRAPH | SRI | PIKIRAN RAKYAT 30082012]
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Why Oval Egg Much Stronger?

Break the eggs over easy when done along the side rather than at the ends. Now scientists find out why it happened.

This latest study helps experts better understand the biological engineering biological structures like cells egg-shaped oval. Response oval cells to treatment was also studied.

Two separate research teams examining how strong oval-shaped cells, such as eggs, and made ​​of what cell. Their research will be published in an upcoming issue of Physical Review Letters. "In the past, researchers who study ovoid structure should compare with other forms with a particular equation," said Dominic Vella, a mathematician at the University of Oxford, UK, who was involved in the research.

Arnaud Lazarus, an engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) who joined the second team, said they have a target must be able to unravel the mystery behind the oval shape without having to disassemble an object. "The formula is, when we put pressure on the outer shell of the cell, and the cell change shape, the thickness can be estimated."

Pedro Reis, a mechanical engineer at MIT who worked with Lazarus, said the research could be extended to a variety of applications in addition to biomechanics. "The formula we are able to calculate the micro cracks in a cell accurately," he said.

Both research teams also take a graphical approach to test their theory. Lazarus team uses three-dimensional printer and make prints made ​​from silicone casts of four different oval shapes of egg. They then press the tip of the mold and measure the strength of each "egg".

Although tapering perfectly and looks smooth, Reis said egg has many small imperfections along the surface of the shell, especially on its side. "This section is prone to crack," he said. *** [INSIDESCIENCE | MAHARDIKA SATRIA HADI | KORAN TEMPO 3988]

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Women and Men Differ About the Color

Often a wife complaining about the color of her husband clothes. "Want to party wear white anyway." Or, "Let's wear blue shirts for the campers, not the green." Apparently, the difference is not about the relationship of husband and wife, but gender.

The way that the visual centers of men and women's brains works is different, finds new research published in BioMed Central's open access journal Biology of Sex Differences. Men have greater sensitivity to fine detail and rapidly moving stimuli, but women are better at discriminating between colors. In the brain there are high concentrations of male sex hormone (androgen) receptors throughout cerebral cortex, especially in the visual cortex which is responsible for processing images. Androgens are also responsible for controlling the development of neurons in the visual cortex during embryogenesis, meaning that males have 25% more of these neurons than females. The finding is the conclusion of research conducted by researchers from Brooklyn and Hunter Colleges of the City University of New York.

Based on research that found gender effect on the way to see the color. Male and female brains process color in a way that is not the same. Many things prove it. Oranges, for example, would appear more red in the eyes of men than women. Similarly grass, will look more yellow and more green for men for women. The differences do not end there. Experiment research team also showed that men struggle to distinguish the color difference is thin in shades of yellow, green, and blue.

"The impact may be very small. But, choosing paint colors from dozens of color charts is the most suitable for women," the researchers said as quoted Dailymail, Tuesday (September 4, 2012).

The findings come from experiments that examined male and female brains respond to flashes of light. Each respondent was asked to identify the color. As a result, all respondents had normal vision and no color blindness, a trait that is often found in men.

"The difference in perspective between the male and female color can not be explained by differences in the structure of the eye," says Professor Israel Abramov. The answer lies in the way the brain processes color.

Abramov said the testosterone (male sex hormone) tend to affect the eyes of the admissions process and the introduction of color information by the brain. "Testosterone plays a major role, leading to different connectivity in the brains of men and women," he said. *** [DAILYMAIL | ESCIENCE NEWS | MAHARDIKA SATRIA HADI | KORAN TEMPO 3987]

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Why do Girls Like Dolls?

When given the option to play with dolls or toy trucks, girls generally will take the doll and the boy chose the truck. That choice was not because of the parenting encourage girls and boys to be more active. In the experiments, the male vervet monkey also preferred playing with wheeled vehicles, while female choose the doll.

A female vervet monkey conducting an anogenital inspection (examining the genital area of the doll in an attempt to determine whether it is male or female), and a male vervet monkey pushing a police car back and forth. (Picture from: http://www.livescience.com/)

This monkey research, which was conducted on two different species in 2002 and 2008, offered a biological explanation of toy choices. This new research further reinforces the findings of previous studies that received hormone exposure in the womb causing the baby when their toy preferences appear immediately after birth.

Why does evolution lead early toy preferences is still unknown, but obviously toys help boys and girls develop the skills necessary to fulfill their ancient gender roles.

In 2009, Gerianne Alexander, professor of psychology at Texas A & M University, and her team found that levels of testosterone in boy aged three and four months correlated with how much time they spend watching toys typical of boys than toys girls like dolls.

Level of exposure to androgen hormones during pregnancy, which is known by the finger ratio, or the relative lengths of the ring finger and index finger, also correlated with their visual interest to the typical toy boy. "Specifically, boys with typical men's finger ratio showed a greater visual interest on the ball than the dolls," said Alexander.

Kim Wallen, a psychologist at Emory University who studies gender specific toy preferences in rhesus monkeys, said, "Surprisingly, the data shows that the interest in this object appears at a very early age, before they can socialize." *** [LIVESCIENCE | KORAN TEMPO 3978]

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Giant Pumice Floating in the Pacific Ocean

Pumice Stone.  
(Picture from:http://presurfer.blogspot.com/)

Giant pumice stone was floating in the waters of the South Pacific. "Its size is staggering, reaching 482 kilometers in length and width of more than 48 kilometers," said a spokeswoman for the New Zealand Navy.

Ship Royal New Zealand Air Force was the first to find a collection of pumice the size larger than the state of Israel. The officer saw a collection of stones that float in the southwest of Raoul Island.

Lt. Tim Oscar of Australia Navy's described the giant pumice as the weirdest thing in the ocean. "The strangest thing I've ever seen in 18 years at sea," he told Australian Associated Press on August 13, 2012.

On Aug. 9, the HMNZS Canterbury, a Royal New Zealand Air Force ship, observed a stretch of floating pumice, measuring a whopping 300 miles (482 kilometers) in length and more than 30 miles (48 km) wide. (Picture from: http://www.livescience.com/)

Oscar said it seemed to float pumice two feet above the ocean waves when seen from a distance. "The color is bright white and looked on, like the edge of an iceberg," said the officer who witnessed the apparition of pumice.

Pumice stones are formed when lava from a volcano cools rapidly. Gas trapped in the lava creates pores in the rocks, which allows floating on the water surface.

Recent research suggests pumice play an important role in the evolution of life on Earth. This giant pumice stone can cross the ocean while transporting animals, plants across the wide waters. *** [LIVESCIENCE | MAHARDIKA SATRIA HADI | KORAN TEMPO 3970]

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Who is Faster?

Usain Bolt to this day still holds the world record as the fastest man with a record time of 9.58 seconds to run a distance of 100 meters. "Usain Bolt will be left much of the cheetah," said Craig Sharp, a scientist from the Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance at Brunei University, London, in the journal Veterinary Record, Tuesday.

Usain Bolt vs. Cheetah. Who's faster?

Humans can run at top speeds of 37.6 kilometers per hour (23.4 mph), a cheetah can run up to 104 kilometers per hour (64 mph). "Several times faster than the world's top runners," said Sharp. Pronghorn antelope can run at speeds of 89 kilometers per hour (55 mph).

Even an ostrich is the fastest bird on earth can won the gold medal when participating in a race in the 100 meters Olympic running event. How not, ostrich can run up to 64 kilometers per hour (40 mph).

If animals can participate in athletics, a cheetah can complete the numbers 100 meters run in just 5.8 seconds, while Bolt to 9.58 seconds.

In the pool, both Ryan Lochte and Michael Phelps may have some competition; sailfish can reach a swimming speed of 108 kilometers per hour (67 mph).

Here's a look at some possible line-ups if some other animals were to participate in the Olympic Games:

• Bolt ran 100 meters in 9.58 seconds compared with the 5.8 seconds it would take a cheetah to cover that same distance.
• Bolt ran 200 meters in 19.19 seconds, while a cheetah could sprint that distance in 6.9 seconds, a Black Caviar racehorse would gallop the same in 9.98 seconds, and a greyhound in 11.2 seconds.
• Retired American sprinter and gold medalist Michael Johnson ran the 400 meters in 43.18 seconds. The greyhound? 21.4 seconds. A racehorse? 19.2 seconds.
• Kenyan runner David Rushida, world-record holder for the 800 meters, ran that distance in 1 minute, 41 seconds. That's compared with a 33-second time for the pronghorn antelope and 49.2 seconds for a greyhound.
• An endurance horse could blow marathon record holder Patrick Makau Musyoki (finishing in 2 hours, 3 minutes and 38 seconds) off the course with a finish time of 1 hour 18 minutes and 29 seconds.
• World champ Mike Powell is known for his record-breaking jumps, reaching 8.95 meters (29.36 feet) in the long jump, but that's nothing for a red kangaroo, which can leap 12.8 m (41.99 feet).
• The animal kingdom also has a strong contender for the high jump: The snakehead fish can leap 4 m (13 feet) out of the water, easily snatching the medal from athlete Javier Sotomayor, who jumps to 2.45 m (8 feet).

Even Olympic weightlifters would have to contend with some fierce competition from the African elephant, which can lift 300 kilograms (661 pounds) with its trunk and carry 820 kg (1,807 pounds), the grizzly bear, which can tote some 455 kg (1,003 pounds), and the gorilla, which can lift a whopping 900 kg (1,984 pounds). *** [MDS | KORAN TEMPO 3959]

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The Innovative Latrine, Changing the Waste Into Electricity & Fertilizer

Scientists from the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) to develop a new toilet that can turn human waste into electricity and fertilizer. Improved watering system, so as to conserve water usage.

Nanyang Technological University team and No-Mix Vacuum Toilets. (Picture from: http://www.geeky-gadgets.com/)

Called the No-Mix Vacuum Toilets, it has two chambers that separate the liquid and solid wastes. Using vacuum suction technology, such as those used in aircraft lavatories, flushing liquids would now take only 0.2 liter of water while flushing solids require just one liter.

Two containers are prepared for the sort of solid manure and liquid manure. Of storage containers, solid waste flowed into the bioreactor. Is able to suck up biogas plants such as methane stored in human feces.

This flammable gas can be used to power electricity. "Human manure can be converted into useful material. This is a big advantage," said researchers from the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chang Wei-Chung.

Converting human waste into electricity and fertilizer. (Picture from: http://4goodnews.wordpress.com/)

In addition to creating an electricity, solid waste can be converted into fertilizer. Some of the material in the feces as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can indeed be used to fertilize the soil after further processing.

Researchers also pinned dirt suction system. This system uses less water. Consequently, the toilet only need a cup of water to flush the dirt. "The use of water could save up to 90 percent," he said.

Wei-Chung said the lack of natural resources in Singapore to make researchers think seriously how to utilize the waste into useful things. In July, two cardboard toilet Wei-Chung will be installed at the NTU campus. A total of 500 students will be the first users of this toilet as well as a tester.

After that, the toilet will be installed in a city to be tested by a resident for two years. If testing goes well, two and a half years later, the Singapore government will export this multifunctional toilet to various countries. *** [SCIENCEDAILY | ANTON WILLIAM | KORAN TEMPO 3923]

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See the Personality Through Shoes

Shoes proved to be a door to find a human personality. Research conducted by psychologists from the United States indicates a person's character can be properly assessed through footwear.

A study conducted by the University of  
Kansas found that people can judge
a stranger's personality by looking at
the person's shoes with more than 90
per cent of accuracy. (Picture from:  
http://www.straitstimes.com/)

Researchers from the University of Kansas test this by experiment involving 63 students. The study participants were asked to view images 208 different pairs of shoes owned by a volunteer.

The photos were used as a tool to guess the gender, age, social status and the owner of the shoe. Other characters are also considered, such as whether the owner of those shoes that are open or closed, liberal or conservative, and stable beremosi, to openness in this regard.

The results are remarkable. The students were able to guess 90 percent of a person's character through his shoes. Thus, consciously or not, the human personality through sepasang.sepatu glue he used. "The information about the wearer's shoe slipped," said psychologist from the University of Kansas, Omri Gillath.

Regard some types of shoes and the wearer's character seems obvious. Owner of the shoe with striking designs and colors indicate that extroverted personality. Shoes are always looking new longer owned by the neat and orderly.

Some other links surprising researchers. Practical and functional shoes worn by the friendly people. The boots fit with an aggressive character. The uncomfortable-looking shoes worn by the calm personality.

A person who has concerns about the relationship with the couple usually wear new shoes or a well preserved. According to researchers, it is caused by high levels of anxiety about the appearance and outlook of people towards this type of shoe wearers.

Shoes also shows the paradigm of thinking. Flip-flops are worn and looked cheap are usually used by liberals. *** [MEDICALDAILY | ANTON WILLIAM | KORAN TEMPO 3911]

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Viking Stowaway Who was Brought to Iceland and Greenland

Around the 8th century until the 10th century, the Vikings explore and spread to Greenland, Iceland, to Newfoundland in Canada. Now, a study finds a stowaway in the spread of the Vikings, the house mouse. 

Mus musculus domesticus, small rodents and brown furry four-legged, to live with humans since the first settlement was made about 3,000 years ago. This animal is known as the house mouse who lives by eating human food supplies collected while taking an agrarian lifestyle.

House Mouse (mus (musculus) domesticus). (Picture from: http://www.pestakill.co.uk/)

When it spreads to humans agrarian wider area, the house mouse participated. One of the areas the spread of house mice studied by scientists in Britain are islands around the North Pole.

Geneticists, Eleanor Jones, of the University of York in England, and his team explore how these rodents can get in Iceland and Greenland to match the spread of human history and genetic evidence.

"The history of human settlement in the last 1,000 years reflected in the genetic sequence of the mitochondrial rat," said Jones, as quoted from the site of Scientific American, March 18, 2012.

Genetic traces obtained from mice skeleton excavated from the former Viking settlements in Iceland and Greenland in the 10th century. DNA extracted from fossil DNA of these mice compared to mice house is currently living in the same area.

DNA of mice from two different periods are found to match. This evidence could create a scenario Jones house mice spread to the island across from the cold. "Like the Vikings, while house mice living in Newfoundland," said Jeremy Searle, from Cornell University.

Mice who now lives in Newfoundland most of the offspring of mice derived from British sailors brought by the country in the 15th century. Meanwhile, the house mouse in Iceland have a minimal genetic diversity. This genetic condition is similar to the original house mice that carried the Vikings 1,000 years ago. *** [LIVESCIENCE | ANTON WILLIAM | KORAN TEMPO 3829]

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Violin Strings of Cobwebs

Search stringed instrument that is able to produce perfect sound after the researchers took a significant step spider spinning a string. The resulting sound creates a new kind of music. 

Years to pursue the world of physics of materials, Shigeyoshi Osaki of Nara Medical University, Japan, attracted by the nature of spider silk nets. These animals make nets of various types of yarn removed from his stomach. The strongest type of yarn that comes from being on the edge of the net, commonly known as a dragline. 

Nephila maculata.

(Picture from: http://two-ton.blogspot.com/)

Strength of dragline thread is amazing. Since 15 years ago, researchers learned that the thread is stronger than Kevlar fibers are widely used as anti-bullet vest. Kevlar fiber itself several times stronger than steel.

Osaki exploring spider thread to be mounted on the violin. According to him, the development of stringed instrument is too focused on the frame and body, but forget the other important parts, namely strings. 

More modern violinist wearing steel or nylon strings. Some of the previous century, sheep gut violin strings attached. "The truth has become a string of scientific research for a long time," he told the BBC. 

In the laboratory, researchers are breeding silk spider, species Nephila maculata. This spider is known to love knitting nets are very complex, including generating strong dragline thread. 

The manufacturing process begins with a dragline spinning yarn from 3.000 to 5.000 of the 300 female spider. Three-spun yarn twisted into different directions at each end, so as to produce a piece of string. 

Testing of tensile strength showed that the strength of the strings is just less than traditional strings made from sheep intestine. But the string of spider thread is stronger than modern strings made of steel or nylon. For violin, strings of power is an important consideration so that the strings do not break in the middle of the show. 

Strings made of spider thread has a perfectly circular cross section with the content of the meeting. There was no empty space. In addition to hard breaking, strings made of spider thread produces a unique tone. "Some professional violinist reported this string produces soft tones and deep, capable of producing new music," Osaki said in the journal Physical Review Letters. *** [NEWSCIENTIST | ANTON WILLIAM | KORAN TEMPO 3814]

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Unique Parabola Antenna Design

The satellite dish has provided modern wonders of the world. Help space exploration, a security function of a military attack, and of course, helps provide an amazing choice for television services from around the world. However, not all interested in the appearance of a boring dish. As summarized www.uniknya.com, the following smart and unique design of the satellite dish that is not boring:

1. Smileys
What if you see a parabola is smiling at you? Of course, this is a good idea, once we eliminate saturation on the shape and color are always the same parabola. Many people who then called "Smileys" in accordance with the shape and image of the parabola. 

Smiley. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

In the world, this form was first discovered in the cultural center of the Arena, in Vienna, Austria. The next two are found in Heidelberg, Germany.

2. Brickwork
Model design is clever in a "camouflage" That is, the color and model of this dish as one with a brick wall, so it appears not as a separate equipment from the building. This antenna is really into the wall, showing his skill with a little imagination. 

Brickwork. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

As a form of creativity is amazing, such a parabolic antenna design was first discovered and came from London, England.

3. Sundial
Parabola is transformed into a natural, beautiful, and creative can be found in Taormina, Sicily, Italy. Designed to look like a sundial, with the inscription, "Pigghia e potta," which means "Get it and take it away" (referring to the actual message Sicilian sun).

Sundial. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

We who see the unique design is sure to wonder whether the dish is also really serves as a sundial to tell time and receive signals.

4. Easel Job
Artistic side by drawing Displays the owner of the design of this dish has a creative individual with a picture looks fun and interesting sempurna.Yang, placing it outside the room kept exactly in the land of the page. 

Easel Job. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

This allows you to sit back in a park while accompanied by stunning painted image objects.

5. Suburban Camouflage
Furthermore, we have an awesome picture, if you look at it without blinking, it will pass a parabola is located there. Stored secretly in the garden, this design is decorated with a pattern of green leaves from the surrounding hedgerows.

Suburban Camouflage. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

Heavily blend with its surroundings, not unlike a chameleon lizard, making veiled from our view.

6. Squish
"When the antenna is made to be like no antenna" It Squish written when the tagline on this product, which came originally from England. Sqish creates a parabolic antenna design types such as "secret" because it looks exactly like the blend with the surrounding environment.

Sqish. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

With the wonderful designs in the form of pictures of other cool design, this parabola antenna maker has some interesting ideas about how to make the external appearance of the satellite antenna is more interesting.


7. Overgrown
Peering from the corner of this photo looks parabolic which is hidden from the bush plants, is a different design and cool. Found perched on the roof of a building in Bergen, Norway.  

Overgrown. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

This dish is surrounded by lush vegetation and completely cover the brick walls. Outstanding design!


8. Let's Dance
Another design featuring a beautiful artistic ability, an art picture is bright and full of the joy of dancing couples image. In fact, it's not a dish that still works, but rather a clever way to recycle an old satellite dish that is not used to be an amazing art.

Let's Dance. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

If only all accessories technologies designed like that and look so good!


9. Special Design
Artist Julian Celdran has been working to design a satellite dish since 2003, in the northern city of Borges, France, and recently he has designed a satellite dish to Brussels, Belgium in 2010-2011. From there the images below is the result of art created by it. You will agree when the hand is spectacular.  

Special Design. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

Interestingly, he created a design that does not use paint, but is digitally printed on a sticker, and this project is a collaboration with the help of local residents.
People choose ornamental decorations on the basis of materials of decorative objects in their homes. Such as cloth, jewelery to carpets and curtains. Aiming to take the good flavor out of the room to bring together local communities that represent different cultures and individuals. The project is a perfect example of environmental enlightenment. An extraordinary art movement! 

10. CIA Smiley
The next smile design found on the satellite dish from a CIA satellite tracking system. Apparently, Americans know that the satellite system under the supervision of the Soviet Union. Therefore, they design and paint a big smiley face on the satellite dish.

CIA-Smiley. (Picture from: http://www.uniknya.com)

A unique, making their own entertainment in the era of cold war between the two countries. *** [IQBAL VETRA | UNIKNYA.COM | PIKIRAN RAKYAT 23022012] 
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The Sky Islands Anti Tsunami

Huge tsunami that swept the world in the last decade to give a message to the settlers on the beach to remain vigilant. Japanese architect proposed the creation of an artificial island to protect the population from the brunt of the tsunami waves.

Architect Keiichiro Sako learn a lot from the threat of a dozen meter-high tsunami that struck the Tohoku region, in March last year. Consultant based in Tokyo is looking for an alternative architecture beach which guarantee the safety of its citizenry. Then he came to the idea of ​​a seaside town with an artificial islands made higher than the surrounding land. "Islands" was named the Tohoku Sky Village.

This seaside town will be filled by the township-shaped island. Settlements located in an area of ​​90 thousand square meters of fenced concrete wall 50 centimeters thick. Circular wall township, established a three-story-high building. Circular structure makes the thrust generated tsunami is divided equally in all directions. Empty space inside the wall can be used as a ballroom.

A "sky island" can accommodate 100-500 houses or apartments. This is a town that consists of many islands, where each region has a specific function, such as residential areas, offices, shopping centers, to the central government.

According to Sako, people often asked relocates to higher land after the disaster. However this is not considered economical, so many residents opted to stay on the wave-swept land. "Many people rely on the livelihoods of coastal activities. Idea is to make the city safer beach to live in," he said.

Concept the Tohoku Sky Village by Keiichiro Sako. (Picture from: http://aainter3.files.wordpress.com/)

Concept the Tohoku Sky Village by Keiichiro Sako. (Picture from: http://www.newscientist.com/)

Concept the Tohoku Sky Village by Keiichiro Sako. (Picture from: http://aainter3.files.wordpress.com/)

Although looks safe, not easy for Sako to convince the public about his concept. Yasuaki Onoda of the Department of Architecture and Building Science, Tohoku University, suggests the high cost of construction of a barrier island to the success of the sky islands. Onoda estimates, making an island cost U.S. $ 250 million.

Respond to this opinion, Sako confirmed that construction costs can be reduced by utilizing the tsunami debris as building material. In addition, the island complex in this land could become a tourist attraction that makes money.

Architectural designer from Tokyo Metropolitan University, Professor Masayuki Wakui, reveals another problem faced. According to him, the characteristics of the seaside residents are generally more conservative, making it difficult for them to live together in this futuristic building. *** [NEWSCIENTIST | ANTON WILLIAM | KORAN TEMPO 3799] 
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